after earth review - 1162 Words

In this review, we will discuss Will Smiths movie After Earth directed by M. Night Shyamalan. Smith’s movie is about a military father and his teenage son. One thousand years after cataclysmic events forced humanitys escape from Earth, Nova Prime has become mankinds new home. Legendary General Cypher Raige returns from an extended tour of duty to his estranged family, ready to be a father to his 13-year-old son, Kitai. When an asteroid storm damages Cypher and Kitais craft, they crash-land on a now unfamiliar and dangerous Earth. As his father lies dying in the cockpit, Kitai must trek across the hostile terrain to recover their rescue beacon. In Kitai’s whole life, he has wanted nothing more than to be a ranger like his father.†¦show more content†¦For example, all the spaceman in the world still need to carry big oxygen container in order to breath at space. Other than that, we totally agree that earth contain gravitational force. As mentioned by General Cypher Raige in the movie, earth contain high gravitational force than other planet. If earth does not contain gravitational force, all the living things and non-living things will float on the sky. In 1687, Sir Isaac Newton, who discovered gravity, was a mathematician physicist. Many people have the image that he was sitting under an apple tree when an apple fell and hit him on the head, thus giving him the idea for gravity. In reality what he discovered was that there existed a force that is required to change the speed or direction of a moving object. After much further experimentation he wrote his theories of gravity. They have been the basic mathematical solutions for the way that things attract and repel for hundreds of years now. Besides that, we also agree a moral value which is the love of a father to his son. In the movie, we can see that General Cypher loved his son very much. Before his son carried out his mission, Cypher taught him how to survive and guided him through the screen. Cypher did not take the pain killer although both of his legs broke. This was because he will feel sleepy and cannot see clearly after taking it as he want to protect his son through the screen in theShow MoreRelatedAmerican Indian Liberation : American Indians And The Boarding School Experience852 Words   |  4 Pagesthese resources after attending a pow wow on the White Earth Reservation to increase my understanding of the Native American culture. There are four books in particular that have sparked my curiosity: American Indian Liberation: A Theology of Sovereignty by George E. Tinker; Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience, 1875-1928 by David Wallace Adams; Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900-1940 by Brenda J. Child; and The White Earth Tragedy: EthnicityRead MoreWhat On Earth Review : What An Earth780 Words   |  4 PagesMeta: Whipping through the outer reaches of the universe and the some, Microgaming is serving up a true intergalactic adventure in new game What an Earth! What on Earth Review There are a select few names that represent the crà ¨me de la crà ¨me of action in the world of online slots, with Microgaming being one of them. Over the years they’ve rolled out countless great games, many of which has stood the test of time fantastically. Most of Microgaming’s releases hold prominence because they carry someRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1519 Words   |  7 Pagesthe battle between being happy and recognizing the truth. †¢ Awards and Achievements: ï‚ « American Academy of Arts and Letters Award of Merit – 1959 †¢ Reviews: o â€Å"Brave New World is an enduring masterpiece of classic science fiction, a bleak future vision as concerning today as it must have been over 80 years ago.† – Antony Jones, SFBook Reviews †¢ Personal Reflection: This is a science fiction novel and I am not a fan of science fiction. This book in particular involves politics, which I (to putRead MoreInformative Speech : Informational Readings On Space915 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents read the students read the text quietly to themselves then have them to partner up and work together to identify one thing they liked about the text (one from each group). They should be able to identify the moon and what features it has. Review: At the end of the lesson, have each student tell the class what he/she liked about the book. Then display â€Å"The Moon† on the wall and prepare for Moon Phase quiz for the following day. Day 2: Think it through Brain Pop www.BrainPop.com/MoonPhasesRead More A Comparison of the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew Scriptures1302 Words   |  6 Pages A Comparison of the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew Scriptures The Hebrew Flood story of Noah and his obligation to preserve man kind after God had punished all living creatures for their inequities parallels The Epic of Gilgamesh in several ways. Even though these two compilations are passed on orally at different times in history the similarities and differences invoke deliberation when these stories are compared. Numerous underlining themes are illustrated throughout each story. Humans areRead MoreAmerican Romanticism : An Important Time For Poetry And Its Development974 Words   |  4 Pagescontrasts himself and the earth and how each of them feel. He also talks about how they are different. As stated in the poem, Emerson says â€Å"how graceful climb those shadows on my hill†, Emerson wrote about his feelings towards the earth and mother nature, this is what this quote represents. He also wrote about the feeling the earth has by stating, â€Å"earth laughs in flowers to see her boastful boys earth proud, proud of the earth which is not theirs†, this quote is talking about the earth feeling as thoughRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Animals And Environments1156 Words   |  5 PagesRationale Standards SC.5.L15 asserts that Earth is a home to a great diversity of living things whose survival depends on the changes in the environment. However, individuals of the same kind usually differ in characteristics, and such differences give individuals an advantage to survive and reproduce in certain environments (CPALMS, 2015). Real Life Applications When observing the different characteristics of animals and environments, it is possible to determine the kind of environment that a particularRead MoreGlobal Warming: The End of our Ice Caps Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagesfuels is having an alarming affect on our climate. Global warming will change the Earth in unimaginable ways. With the ever increasing amount of Greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere, glaciers are now melting rapidly causing sea level to rise. The coastal changes will be sure to change our living environment over the next few hundred years. Global Warming is a phenomenon in which the temperature on the Earth increases. Over history we see natural stages in our Earth’s climate between warm andRead MoreAmazon s Biggest Bookstore : The Earth s Most Customer Centric Company964 Words   |  4 PagesAmazon wants to be known as the Earth s most customer-centric company and it has four guiding principals that it follows: customer obsession, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence and long term thinking. (Amazon 12) The company sells books, electronics such as the tablets, TV s, phones, music, clothes etc. It is a virtual shopping mall is filled with everything you could ever want. When Amazon opened its doors in 1995, it was known as Earth s Biggest bookstore (AmazonRead MoreFaith and Reason: Creacionists and Evolutionists1249 Words   |  5 PagesTherefore, Collins is trying to show that God used the Big Bang as the starting point of earth and our evolution. In Genesis 1, it states that God generated light (day), darkness (night), water, sky, food and many more things in just six days. Evolution took a lot more time than just six days, but this is because of the difference between Lords other world and ours. Two seconds in His place could be 20 years on earth; we do not know the exact time difference. I agree with the reasons that Collins presented

Is Prison Labor Good for America Essay - 1168 Words

Luke House October 30, 2008 Lit Essay Prison Labor In America Is Prison labor good for America? Introduction: The Benefits and Problems Due to the tight labor market, companies are relying on prisoners to provide them with labor. As of now, private prisons have become one of the largest powers in the â€Å"prison-industrial complex.† There are approximately 18 private prison corporations, which guard 10,000 prisoners, and more than 37 states have legalized the contracting of prisoners by private companies (Prison Slave Labor: Fascism U.S. – Style). For both the prisons, and the companies, it’s a good deal. Whyte and Baker list the benefits for those who utilize prison labor: no unions, strikes, health benefits, unemployment†¦show more content†¦Prisons depend on this income. Corporate stockholders who make money off prisoners work lobby for longer sentences, in order to expand their workforce. The system feeds itself. (qtd. in Pelaez). There is also the issue on how the prison work programs have stolen employment from outside workers, as well as h olding down wages for low-paying jobs. (Leonhardt) Costs of Imprisonment: As of now, the cost of operating prisons is on the rise, along with the number of people in prison. Currently, taxpayers are spending between $20,000 and $25,000 annually on each individual prisoner (The Third Branch, Costs of Incarceration and Supervision). A proposal to reduce the cost of imprisonment is to put the prisoners to work. Within the next five years the prison population is expected to increase and is estimated to cost an additional 1.6 million dollars (The Economic Impact of Prison Labor). â€Å"If half of the prisoners could be employed by private enterprise during that time, their work would reduce taxpayer costs by almost $9 billion per year.† (The Economic Impact of Prison Labor) Impacts of Prison Labor on Reform: In the 1950’s prison authorities, unions, and private companies reached an agreement regarding prison labor. Prisoners were to work as a form of rehabilitation, but the goods created by the prisoners would be used inside of prisons, or be sold to governmentShow MoreRelatedThe Prison Industrial Complex : How Do We Define It?1640 Words   |  7 PagesI told you that prisons in America aren t built for the main purpose of locking up â€Å"criminals† and making them better to re enter society and keeping other citizens safe but for some companies to make profit off of cheap labor? In essence that is the prison industrial complex. How do we define it? A few define it as a term that is used to explain rapid expansion of the US inmate population to the political influence of private prison companies and businesses that supply goods and services to governmentRead MoreInside Look At The Prison Industrial Complex1484 Words   |  6 Pages20 14 An Inside Look at the Prison-Industrial Complex Business’s that appear to be removed from the corrupt corporation of prison are ultimately expanding the prison industrial complex. Prison incarceration has become a multi-billion dollar industry that needs more than 2 million U.S. citizens to put into prison on any given day. This paper will be base for explaining how the PIC works and what really goes on behind all the barbed wire and armed guards. â€Å"The term ‘Prison Industrial Complex’ was firstRead MoreThe Abolition Of A Person Through The Court System Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesAs America abolish slavery after the civil war, and thousands of African Americans were free to live lives without the fear of slavery or undue punishment not all things turned out the way one could have hoped for. Followed revisions of the 13-15th Amendments to the Constitution, provided the use of exclusion through the criminalization of a person through the court system. However such rights as described in the 13th amendm ent provides a claw allowing for racial divisions to persist in the countryRead MoreForms of Punishment862 Words   |  3 Pagescommunity were allowed to throw rocks and/or rotten vegetables at the offender. (Seiter, R. 2011) In the 16th and the 17th century prisons was more of a place where individuals were held when they were waiting to go to trial or waiting for their punishment. During the 1700s there were only local holding cells, common prisons, and houses of correction. The first prison in the United States was the Walnut Street Jail. The Governor of Pennsylvania realized that the criminal codes were not humane andRead MoreIllegal Immigration Should Not Be Illegal1722 Words   |  7 Pagesillegal individuals are improved, as it is to the employers. When illegals take any job they can, businesses most likely benefit from that due to not having to pay them much. For example, â€Å"employers concern themselves with the total cost of hiring labor: wages, payroll taxes for social security and unemployment insurance, and fringe benefits such as health insurance and pension benefits,† (Phillip Martin). Employers do not need to supply all the extras that would be supplied to American workers; eve nRead MoreThe Judicial System During The United States1201 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Judicial system in America has advanced and developed for hundreds of years, early development of corrections was usually left to the local Sheriff’s and other law enforcement officers. In the 1820’s America developed the first penitentiary in Pennsylvania with the building of Eastern State Prison. Along with this prison are the early beginnings of organized corrections officers in America. Through the years, as more prisons and jails were built, the need for better trained, ethicalRead MoreIs Prison Privatization Really a Long Term Fix? Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesPrison Privatization is a term used for which local, state and federal correction facilities hire companies from the private sector to run prisons and provide prison-related services. Some private companies are contracted only to provide things such as medical care, counseling, food services, and maintenance within publicly owned jails and prisons. Today, more and more private companies are being con tracted to not only design and build, but also to operate new jails and prisons on both the stateRead MoreThe Biggest Problem Facing America1445 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction America faces a plethora of problems and issues on a daily basis. Lets face it, though many view us as superior to all other countries, we, as a nation, are far from a utopia. Because of our supremacy and power, we probably deal with more issues than any other country in the world. But, judging the importance of these issues is simply a matter of opinion. One can argue valid points for multiple issues as being the most important of all. In my opinion, third world immigration and theRead MoreAnalysis Of Iris Youngs Five Faces Of Oppression1392 Words   |  6 Pagesdivision of labor, or in other words: exploitation, powerlessness, and marginalization. As Young explains in her work, Five Faces of Oppression, most of society has a traditional sort of view of oppression. As she puts it, society says that, â€Å"Oppression means the exercise of tyranny by a ruling group.† Young says that this statement is in fact incorrect. She goes on to explain that it is this belief which causes Americans reject the idea that anyone is oppressed in America, since after all America is â€Å"theRead MoreSummary Of The Miniseries Of Roots By Tracie R. Porter987 Words   |  4 Pagesbook, which depicted his family history going back generations. The story started off when one of his ancestors, Kunta Kinte, was brought from Africa and sold into slavery here in America. The film was a very dramatic and provocative account of the unjust racism and brutality that Africans endured during the founding America. As I reflect back on my childhood, I could remember many of my friends, black as well as whites being disturbed by what was being portrayed on their T.V. screens. Eventually, there

Minimum Wage and Why We Should Leave It Alone Free Essays

Can you remember a time when it did not cost over $5. 00 for a â€Å"Value† meal at any fast food chain, or when gas was under $2. 00? It’s hard to remember, isn’t it? The reason for the raise in price of the products you and I purchase on a weekly basis all has to do with the continuing raise of minimum wage. We will write a custom essay sample on Minimum Wage and Why We Should Leave It Alone or any similar topic only for you Order Now Donald R. Deere says â€Å"There are two ways to think about the minimum wage. The first – but misleading – is how much workers are going to get paid. The second – and correct – is how much people must be able to earn if they are going to get or keep a job. So the minimum wage, which is sometimes characterized as a â€Å"hand up, not a handout† is neither – it is a hurdle that trips up the least skilled. † The continuing demand of more money for less work has forced the United States to raise the minimum wage innumerable times in the last century, Which results in higher prices for the rest of us. Another raise in the minimum wage would, as all the others before it, raise prices for consumers, which would again result in another demand for a raise in the minimum wage. it’s a viscous cycle that must be stopped before it loses control. Not only does a raise in minimum wage result in a raise in the cost of living, it also causes the dismissal of hardworking people who are happy with their current income. When the firing axe starts to fall, seniority often determines who goes and who stays. The more a single employee costs a business an hour, the fewer employees the business can afford to employee an hour. This results in the dismissal of employees to compensate for a raise in labor costs, which creates a smaller staff, which results in slipshod service. Although most reasonable people would rather pay more for better service, the plain fact of the matter is that the service hasn’t really gotten any better. The service is better that it was when there weren’t enough employees so people assume the service itself has gotten better, while the truth is that the service is just as haphazard as before. The laborers are simply replaced because of a need for more employees, more often that not by people who have never worked in those positions before. By having a staff that is constantly fluctuating, the business hurts itself, the service is hurt because the new employees are in need of training, and in the end it is us, the consumers, who feel the real pain. The pain we experience is that of rising costs in the market its that sharp pain we feel every time we reach for our wallet, but it is in no way as painful as the fact that we give bonuses for no reason in the form of raises in the minimum wage. The argument that minimum wage should be raised says people need more money to make a living in a world of ever rising costs. The truth is that they, the people who demand more money, are the ones raising the cost of living. Some would say that the high cost of living is brought about by the devaluation of the dollar and the effects of inflation. Truth be told, inflation is also caused by the flooding of the market with bills printed to pay the high costs of laborers in the market. Laborers who are comprised primarily of teens and the elderly, both of which usually have an alternate for of income either in the for of parents or social security. I offer an alternative to the minimum wage. If people would respect their money and understand the value of the dollar then they would have to learn skills that would promote them in the job Market. The minimum wage could be kept for the handicapped and the disabled, people who for the most part aren’t able to advance themselves in the working world. The most positive thing about the current minimum wage is that it is substantial enough to make teens respect their money, but also low enough to force them to save. George Santayana Once said â€Å"Those who fail to learn from the mistakes of their predecessors are destined to repeat them†. The argument over the minimum wage makes it abhorrently obvious that this statement is true. The time of action is now, before we are forced to start this cycle again. How to cite Minimum Wage and Why We Should Leave It Alone, Papers

The Thirty-Seven Day Trip free essay sample

I couldn’t wait for summer. Then I found out that my mom and grandparents had planned a thirty-seven day trip to the western states. My excitement escaped me. After I heard the bad news, I heard the worst. I learned that we would live in the camper for one month, one week, and two days along with an undisciplined Chinese pug that loves to eat everything. I went with my mom, my five-year old brother, and my grandparents. My dad had to stay home and work. We started off in Greenville and then drove to Atlanta. In Atlanta we hopped on the plane, and our trip began. We landed in Salt Lake City, Utah, our first stop. Then we drove to The Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. We will write a custom essay sample on The Thirty-Seven Day Trip or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Grand Teton looked so beautiful. The snow-capped mountains rose above the clouds. Then we drove a while and camped at Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The breathtaking views looked painted. We packed up and left for our next stop Glacier Park in Montana. We took an adventure to the top of a glacier, riding on an open air bus with six huge tractor wheels. We drank fresh really cold water that came from the glacier. We had a great time balancing on the ice. When we reached Canada we had to stop and let the people check the camper and car for alcohol, drugs, and other items not allowed across the border. They also had to check our passports, which took a long time. We drove and drove and drove until we reached Banff, Canada. Banff had so many beautiful sights to stop and see. My brother and I grew tired of stopping every ten minutes to look over the edge of a mountain. We also went to a beautiful lake named Lake Louise. Vancouver, Canada held the most memories on our trip. We camped in an ugly parking lot under a bridge. Off we went to see the city! My brother and I played in a fun water park and swam in a pool about the size of an acre. My family toured a jungle type area with really high and long swinging wooden bridge made of wooden slats. Unfortunately, my grandma broke her ankle and had to visit the emergency room. Vancouver had Eco-Rangers that shot annoying raccoons (with water guns) that would attack people for ice cream cones. Vancouver wins the award for the most exciting place. We traveled down the coast in Washington, Oregon, and California. The Pacific Ocean took my breath away. The waves crashed along the rocky shore. After seeing Mount Saint Helen up close, camping on the beach in Oregon, and walking through the Redwood Forest, the time grew near to return home to Greenville. Our final stop in San Francisco alarmed me. Homeless people came up to me and asked me to buy them food and drinks. I tried to act as if they weren’t there, bu t that didn’t work at all. We took off from California, and it took six hours to arrive in Atlanta. I enjoyed the camping, the camp fires, the ghost stories, the shopping, the wildlife, and the adventures. When we arrived to Atlanta, joy filled me inside as we drove home. I called all my friends and spent time with them before the summer ended and the new school year started. I also spent time with my dad that I missed so much for one month, one week, and two days. I will never forget the experience. I wouldn’t have wanted to spend my summer any other way. We still talk about the trip to this day.

Thesis Is There A God Or Is He() An Illusion Essay Example For Students

Thesis: Is There A God Or Is He(?) An Illusion? Essay Thesis: Is There a God or is He(?) an Illusion?An illusion is ones own interpretation and perception of someone or something. It can be a strong belief or a wish. They are not necessarily false or errors. The strength of the illusion lies in the strength of wish fulfillment. Forexample People, at first, interpret phenomenas according to their experienceand knowledge of their every day life. They project their own character intothe circumstance presented and regard it as somehow ensouled. Such indefinitenotions are transformed into a distinct conception of a higher order than humanbeings, and yet somehow resembling them. As it may seem, humans have ametaphysical (speculative) need for a Supreme Being. God, as we call him. Heis the eternal and infinite Spirit, Creator of the Universe, and the ultimatepower. We present him with human characteristics in all concepts of God, whichhas led me to believe that it is not God who created man in His image, but manwho creates God in his. We will write a custom essay on Thesis: Is There A God Or Is He(?) An Illusion? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Religion is one such need based on myth and spiritualism. People are taughtabout their religion at a young age, and when they grow up they attempt toaccount for things using the notion of their religion as the basis for theirspeculations. On the other hand, there is no truth so certain as the existence of God. He isthe groundwork of all our hopes, and our foundation of morality and society. Nothing exists without a cause. Although we cant demonstrate a soul-substanceand the immortality of a soul, or demonstrate anything concerning the nature ofGod, there is still a dependency on him, so that we cannot ascribe apersonality to God, in the case that it would make him finite. God is the universe conceived as an eternal and necessary unity. Bibliography:Benedict Spinoza rationalistFreidrick Schleiermacher religionSigmund Freud atheist

The Discrimination Against Women Employees in the Telecommunication Industry

The Discrimination Against Women Employees in the Telecommunication Industry Aims of the Dissertation This dissertation will aim at investigating how women are impacted negatively as a result of employment discrimination in the telecommunication industry in Europe and Middle East. Discrimination in this sense means that there are fewer women than men working in the telecommunication industry in Europe and Middle East.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Discrimination Against Women Employees in the Telecommunication Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In investigating this matter, the dissertation will answer the question of whether the discrimination against women employees in the telecommunication industry is justified or unjustified. The dissertation will examine whether discrimination against women working in the industry has a negative impact on them. This research will endeavor to answer the following research questions: Why do telecommunication businesses discriminate again st women employees in Europe and Middle East? What mechanisms should be put in place to increase the ratio of women to men working in the telecommunication industry in Europe and Middle East? Methodology The data to be collected in this research is first hand information from women working in the telecommunication industry. The women will give their views and experiences regarding employee discrimination against women in the industry. In collecting the data, the research will consider reviewing secondary sources of information such as government studies. This will provide the researcher with information about any research that has been done by the government in an attempt to get information regarding the telecommunication industry. The kind of research methodology to be used is determined by the nature of the research being conducted. Quantitative research methodology is used when measuring variables or trying to test existing theories and establishing their validity (nsf, n.d). Th e collected data is used to formulate new hypothesis on the basis of new evidence. On the other hand, qualitative research is more applicable in understanding meanings, experiences and beliefs about a particular subject. The methodology that this research will heavily rely on in data collection is qualitative data collection because it is varied and provides information in its entirety as long as it is not statistical or numeric. The first qualitative data collection method to be used is conducting interviews. Since the aim of the research is to investigate the negative impact on women arising from their discrimination in telecommunication in Middle East and Europe, it will be crucial to interview a sample of women working in telecommunication industry. This will give first hand information which is the perspective of the women themselves regarding the subject.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 1 5% OFF Learn More An interview will be an effective methodology of collecting information since it first establishes a close relationship between the interviewer and the interviewees. Through interviews, it will also be easy to make follow up when looking for finer details of any interesting piece of information. Sampling is the random picking of a group of people to provide information on a particular subject. The countries from which the samples will be taken include Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Egypt, and Lebanon. The sample will include wide range of women including employees of operators, vendors and intermediaries. The technique to be used in the research to identify the sample is picking women who have worked in the industry for at least two years. Interview is an effective way of answering the research questions because definitely, from the interviews reasons of why employers discriminate against women in the industry will be given. Through the interviews, women wil l also be capable of suggesting ways through which they feel that their ratio in the industry can be increased. There are two types of interviews to be used. The first type of interview is a structured interview where a questionnaire is given out to the respondents to fill out the information .The other type of an interview is referred to as in-depth interview which does not involve any rigid questions to be answered. The study will use the structured questionnaire to get answers for some specific questions in order to get uniform results from several respondents. In-depth guided interviews on the other hand will give the respondents a chance to answer questions freely and hold discussions. For the sake of collecting ample information, the research will conduct individual interviews several times. The choice of qualitative data collection as the methodology to be used is backed by the fact that qualitative research has the capacity of providing detailed information regarding the way a group of people experiences an issue that is being researched. This type of methodology presents the human part of an issue such as the beliefs, opinions or even the expectations of different people.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Discrimination Against Women Employees in the Telecommunication Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The methodology fits in well with the aim of the research of identifying the negative impacts on women of denying them a chance to lead in the telecommunication industry. Women’s being denied leadership opportunities in the telecommunication industry is a sensitive issue that would require closeness in trying to understand the negative side of the matter to them. Such closeness with the respondents in collecting information can only be achieved by using qualitative methods such interviews. Observation at times will also be applicable because in discussing with the w omen, it will also be possible to observe their reactions and emotions. Data analysis is a crucial part towards completion of a study. In this research, data analysis will involve carefully looking at the results from the interviews conducted. From the data provided by the interviewees, the researcher will try to identify the reasons behind discrimination against women employees in telecommunication industry. The analysis will involve identifying some of the ways suggested by interviewees of eliminating the discrimination. In the analysis, the practicality of the research outcomes in solving the real problems in the field will also be evaluated. It is common for research undertakings to present challenges and this research is no exception. The first challenge that might surface is that some of the interviewees may be biased and provide information which is not reliable. This may be as a result of personal dispositions or general unwillingness among some interviewees to participate i n the interviews. Another challenge is the financial cost of the research. Although the initial budget has been factored, additional cost may spring up while the research is in progress and this will be a challenge for the researcher Feasibility A successful and comprehensive dissertation requires the researcher to be determined and committed (White, 2004). There are some resources such as books and funding for travel among others that a researcher should ensure are in place before the actual data collection begins. This necessitates a feasibility study to determine whether all the necessary resources for the research are available (White, 2003).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research will use both primary and secondary sources of information. Secondary sources will include books, journals and internet sources while primary data is new information that will be collected from the field. The required resources such as academic texts are available in the online library and other public libraries I have identified. In addition, a trial with a subset of the prospective interviewees has already been conducted and their response is positive towards facilitating the research. The researchers’ employer is understanding and has granted full permission for the research to be conducted. The employer has permitted the researcher to interview the samples during specific working hours. He has also allowed the samples to talk to the researcher during some agreed hours. Travel outside the country is also anticipated hence the travelling cost and permission have been sought. How the Research Fits Existing Published Work Different researchers have conducted vari ous studies focusing on women in the telecommunication industry and how they are either discriminated in some various countries. For example, in 1995, the South African government enacted a policy aimed at providing access to information to all South Africans. According to Schreiner (2011), Bamshela which is a rural town in South Africa is selected to receive the services of a telecenter. It is one of the most underdeveloped regions in South Africa where infrastructure and communication facilities are hard to get. This study is important to the current study because by looking at a case in Africa, this can be used as an example in understanding employment discrimination against women in telecommunications in Europe and Middle East. Women in Bamshela are unfortunate and spend most of their lives in subsistence farming with only a few of them securing positions in the telecommunication industry. Schreiner discovers that there is employment discrimination against women at the telecente r. The study further analyzes the effects of discriminating against women as employees in telecommunication industry (Schreiner, 2011). From Schreiner’s study it was evident that women employed at the telecenter were not less productive than men. This research was conducted using surveys in these regions to collect the information. Secondly, women are discriminated against in telecommunication industry on the basis of race and gender (Robinson Peoples, 1996). Men are given privileges while discriminating against women by denying them a similar chance to work in the industry. Robinson and Peoples (1996) revealed this in their study leading to actions being taken to rectify the disparity. Eventually, the players in the industry started according women positions within the industry. The findings of this research are important in this research because they will give a chance to make comparison. Apart from Europe and Middle East, women discrimination in telecommunication is preva lent in other parts of the world. This will make it easy to approach the case of Middle East and Europe from an informed point of view from the studies in Africa and elsewhere. According to Gordon (1976), there are positive implications of giving women a chance to work in the telecommunication industry. There are numerous challenges that employed people have to contend with to get to their places of work. At times there are transportation problems hence the employees have to plan their time wisely. The challenge becomes more pronounced for women who have to manage their families and their work. Women who have young children encounter problems because the children require their attention. This study is relevant in this research as it highlights how some of these problems can be solved through telecommunication. Women should be given a chance to work in the telecommunication industry since consideration for them to work from home is a possibility. Unless this happens women will contin ue to be less productive (Gordon, 1976). Reasons for Choice of This Topic The first and most important thing that should be done before a researcher decides to research on a dissertation is to identify the topic (ESC, n.d). The principal reason behind the choice of this topic is my interest in it. Apart from the obvious reasons of doing research to earn academic credentials, conducting research on a particular topic is important in making changes to various sectors (Michael, 2011). The choice of the topic of this research is informed by the fact that there has been discrimination against women in the telecommunication industry in Europe and the Middle East. The research conducted during this dissertation will be important to my firm as it can be used to come up with strategies of increasing the ratio of women to men employed in the telecommunication industry. Insights from the research may inspire other firms to take initiatives that will ensure that women secure more employment pos itions in telecommunication industry as it is one of the fastest growing sectors in Europe and Middle East. Milestone Description Due date Remarks 1 Stage 1: Area of interest identified August 03,2011 Completed 2 Stage 2: Specific topic selected August 10,2011 Completed 3 Stage 3: Topic refined to develop dissertation proposal August 17,2011 Completed 4 Stage 4: Proposal written and submitted Sep 14 2011 Completed 5 Stage 5: Collection of data and information October 31 2011 6 Stage 6: Analysis and interpretation of collected data/information Nov 30 2011 7 Stage 7: Writing up Jan 31 2012 8 Stage 8: Final draft prepared – submission of dissertation Feb 15 2011 9 Final Deadline – nine months from classroom date. References Delmon. (n.d). Telecommunication. Web. ESC. (n.d). Developing a Research Question. Web. Michael, D. (2011). Qualitative Research in Information Systems. Web. Sweetman, C. (2000). Gender and technology. New York: Gender and technology. White, B. (2003). Dissertation Skills for Business and Management Students. London: Cengage Learning. White, B. (2002). Writing your MBA Dissertation.london: Cengage Learning. Gordon, F. (1976). Telecommunications:Implications for Women. Original Research , 68-74. Robinson, R., Peoples, J. (1996). Market Structure, Racial and Gender Discrimination. American Journal of Econoics and Sociology , 309-325. Schreiner, H. (2011). Rural Women, Development and Telecommunications: A pilot Programme in South Africa. Web. nsf. (n.d). Overview of Qualitative Methods. Web. Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. New York: Sage.

Truth as an the inevitable attributes of human nature. Based on Essay

Truth as an the inevitable attributes of human nature. Based on Stephen Vincent Benets By the Waters of Babylon - Essay Example Truth as an the inevitable attributes of human nature. Based on Stephen Vincent Benet’s â€Å"By the Waters of Babylon† From the story line and its underlying mechanism, it can be understood that harmony and the learning techniques between the human beings if developed properly, then the resolution for the termination of violence will be achieved. The paper seeks to unfurl one of the inevitable attributes of human nature which is truth. He was certain about his death but his zeal to explore the truth and to quench his thirst with the knowledge of reality took him all the way and finally leads to the realization of the legitimacy of that forbidden place. The paper ultimately finds a way to answer the question that is an absolute necessity for the establishment of ultimate harmony among the people and exposits whether it should be injected in one big push or permeated in bits and parts. 2. Introduction Published in 1937, the novel, By the Waters of Babylon written by Stephen Vincent Benet presents a dynamic platform in the future world after the devastating holocaust known as the Great Burning which jeopardized the earth. The chief character or the protagonist is a son of a priest who is well trained in law and is also well aware of the chants and the spells. There were places which were regarded as arenas for the devils, Gods a nd the spirits and were forbidden for the people in general. Despite knowing the names one cannot utter those names as it was believed that they will be inflicted with curse and spells and as a consequence death will be inevitable. But the storyline of the novel goes beyond the very notion of restraints and fear and through the exploration of a young child into the world of unknown and darkness reveals his urge for removing the curtain over the false assumptions and recognition of transparent truth. The paper seeks to answer whether truth should be injected into a person’s conscience with one big jolt or by the incorporation in small doses (Benet et al, 213). 3. Backdrop of the story The plot of the story ignites in the Eastern United many generations ex-post a war which deserted a civilization and left it into ruins. There are some descendants of only few survivors of the war who live in a clustered tribe far away from the Hudson River. These people are mainly called the Hil l People and they were equipped with the practice of the bows and arrows for hunting and the women used to spin wool for making fabrics. Now one of the member of the tribe decides to travel to a forbidden zone i.e. New York City for the purpose of exploration of the truth (Cummings). 4. Theme of the story and simultaneous exploration of the truth The story takes place in the distant future but definitely somewhere on the Earth. The name of the protagonist is John who is one of the Hill people. As he learns to be a priest he also possesses the vision of the Dead place. For the purpose of becoming a priest, John has to explore the world of Dead and he can only become a priest after coming back from his journey. His father is also a priest, but his father fears that the journey will destroy his boy. But for becoming a priest his boy has to explore the place and then come back. Dreams came in his mind and from the description of his dream and his father’s fear it was known that, â€Å"I saw and told what I saw. It was what I have always seen—a river, and, beyond it, a great Dead Place and in it the gods walking. I have always thought about that. His eyes were stern when I told him he was no longer my father but a priest. He said, "This is a strong dream" (By the Waters of Babylon, 10). John is aware of the fact that it was his place to continue and he knew that there are some dead places which are divinely forbidden to the

Modern Day Slavery in the Middle East Research Paper

Modern Day Slavery in the Middle East - Research Paper Example In other cases, children are obliged to labor as slaves through forced marriages and as child soldiers. Studies show that there are more slaves in the 21st era than during any earlier time. Slavery has been in existence in numerous cultures and it predates inscribed records. The figure of slaves currently continues to be as high as 13million to 28 million. Many of them are debt slaves, mostly in South Asia. The slaves are on debt bondage bought upon by lenders, at times even for decades. Slaves and the work they provided were economically crucial in the pre-industrial communities. This paper will therefore discuss how to end modern slavery in the Middle East. An objector's work is not once done. In 1807March 25th, two hundred centuries ago following vigorous petitioning headed by Wilberforce William, Parliament rendered it illegitimate for British vessels to move slaves and importation of slaves by British colonies. (Denmark actually had passed the same law three years previously, ne vertheless only Danes reminisce that.) In 1948, the United Nations seemed to end what Wilberforce & Co hadbegun. This is signifiedin simple language in the (UDHR) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 4: â€Å"Nobody shall be seized in servitude orslavery; slave trade and the slavery shall be forbidden in all theirtypes.† Slavery was formally a worldwide no-nothis is according to â€Å"The Economist†(Of inhuman bondage par. 1). However, in 2007 no one knew there would be many more servitudes in the domain than ever formerly this is according to â€Å"The Economist†(Of inhuman bondage par. 2). An International Labor Organization report proposes slightly 12.3m. While others say, the total figure is approximately 27m. Majority of slaves are in Latin America and Asia. Kevin Bales a sociology professorat University of Roehampton assesses that the cost of an average slave is $100. The charge differs around the domain, and whereas one couldprocure a 20-year-ol d man plantation worker from West Africa for $50, the charge of a good-looking Ukrainian female in North America couldrun overto thousands. When we contemplate of bondage, we incline to contemplate of the 19th-period â€Å"chattel† diversity—Africans fastened in irons, sold off like livestock and hurled to harvest cotton into the Deep South. Overall, modern suppression does notappear —oroperate —greatly like that. Conferring to â€Å"The Economist†(Of inhuman bondage par. 3) what current slaves dobearsome similarity with their cotton-harvesting predecessors, nonetheless, is they cannot picktheir situation and cannot escape it. The major common type of captivity is bonded labor, wherein labor is procured as reimbursement for a debt. It is prevalent inPakistan, India and Nepal. The whole familymay be subjugated in this manner; typically, they happen to be low-caste and untouchable members of the community. Interest is ratedcovering the original debt sum and the pledge can be passed on from one generation to another. Bonded labor may seem as if it has an intended aspectthat excludes it as bondage. However,rendering to â€Å"The Economist†(Of inhuman bondage par. 3) most bonded laborers bear no preference and their share is in fact that of chattel servitude. Other types of slavery are thriving also according to â€Å"The Economist† (Of inhuman bondage par. 4). In Sudan, children and women are kidnapped and auctioned to government-sponsored guerrillas. In Brazil, farmers clear the forest at

Globalization and Employment Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Globalization and Employment Relations - Essay Example A peek into their social and political structure from the beginning of the twentieth century to today's fast paced world and also a study of the hypothesis of convergence will help us in making definite conclusions about the subject. Katz evaluates three hypotheses that have been suggested to explain the trend towards decentralized bargaining: first, shifts in bargaining power from unions to employers; second, the emergence of new forms of work organization, which put a premium on flexibility and employee participation; and third, the decentralization of corporate structures and diversification of worker preferences. Katz concludes that the second hypothesis is the most convincing, on the grounds that labour and management appear to have gained distinct advantages from work restructuring that accomplished decentralization. However, shifts in bargaining power, as well as the diversification of corporate and worker interests, are important contributing factors to the decentralization process. Sweden became an industrial society later when compared to most other countries in Europe. At the start of the 20th century, Sweden was a poor agrarian society with high emigration rate. It is now a relatively wealthy, welfare-oriented, service society. Sweden has 25% of its civilian workforce employed in industry, only 2.4% are still in agriculture, while 73% are in services, partly as a result of the strong growth of local and regional government since the 1960s. Swedish employment relations have long fascinated foreign observers. With a total population of 9 million and with 4.4 million in labour force, Sweden is the smallest of the countries in Europe. However, 76% of its women are in the labour force which is the highest female participation rate of any OECD country. Employment relations in Sweden have passed through three broad stages since the nineteenth century. The beginning of the union movement was the first stage, which lasted from the 1890s to 1930s.Unions were established during this period and there were disputes between the capitalists and the laborers. The government was either passive or supported the capitalists. The second stage was approximately from mid-1930s to the early 1970s. The 'Swedish model' was established during this period, with a low level of industrial conflict, a 'solidaristic' wage policy, an active labour market policy and labour-management cooperation. An economic policy reliant on economic growth subsumed many of the pay-related problems for the unions and paved way for a pattern of employment relations with few industrial disputes. Emergence of a third stage can be traced to the 1970s. More radical union ambitions, the election of a non-socialist government in 1976 severe economic problems, and a strategy based on free enterprise and a market economy, on the employer side, represented significant changes. The 1980 dispute symbolized these developments. Wage earner funds were introduced after a bitter conflict, but were not seen as a complete victory by the unions. The wage earner fund system became a political burden for the Social Democratic Party and did not result in a basic change in Sweden's economic system. The employers tried to reverse the trend as much as

Misbehaviour Should Be Accepted In Organisations Commerce Essay

Misbehaviour Should Be Accepted In Organisations Commerce Essay Normal behaviour in an organisation has been analysed by many university experts and management theorists. These people believe that these positive activities contribute a lot to the organisation. Hard-work and discipline are good examples. However, the opposite theory misbehaviour in organisation behaviour is attracted by more and more people in a modern well-run organisation. The purpose of this report to ascertain what is a well-run organisation, what the accurate definition of misbehaviour is, and how misbehaviour influences a well-run organisation. After we have researched this theory comprehensively, it will be clear to see the reason why companies accept misbehaviour and how misbehaviour can create a positive effect in modern companies. The scope of this report will cover employees misbehaviour in the workplace and the relation between management hierarchy and workers. 2) Definition of a well-run organisation: The key characteristic of an organisation is that it is an purposefully organised group, department or family to achieve present targets set in the decision making state, and organisational present constitute member should adapt to the change of exterior or interior situation in order for the organisations survival. Generally, an organisation must be able to effectively implement and integrate with some controlling power for the successful continuation of the organisation. (Wilson Ronsenfeld, 1990). Organisations are always expected to successfully achieve targets in the process where from output to input, it then of course depending their resources should be used appropriately. Otherwise, an organisation is not only supported to be successful but also to be effective related to the output, involved in their final result and target. There are some related factors that could improve organisational performance, such as increasing profitability, improved service delivery and to maximise efficiency in key activities. In addition, efficient organisations must ensure that it reaches a satisfactory target, understanding the clients demand and requirements, and are compliant to specific requirements, adaptable in the change of exterior and the demand situation. (Mullins, 2007). 3) Definition and classification of misbehaviours: Organisational misbehaviour is defined as any intentional action made by members of an organisation that defies and violates shared organisational norms and expectations, and/or core societal values, mores and standards of proper conduct. (Yoav Vardi and Yoash Wiener 1996). However, all errors, mistakes, or even unconscious negligence do not constitute organisational misbehaviour, despite the bad effect it produces in the organisation. We will be focusing on individuals who are directly and intentionally involved in some form of misconduct in a well-run organisation. But this phenomenon may also come from a group of individuals or indeed the organisation itself. Organisational misbehaviour may also change in different situations and it can be functional or dysfunctional, positive or negative, short term or long term; it depends on the circumstances and manner of acting. The organisational misbehaviours are grouped into 3 major categories: misbehaviours that are intended to benefit the self, misbehaviours that intend to benefit the members employing organisation as a whole and misbehaviours that intend to inflict damage and be destructive. Misbehaviours that are intended to benefit the self are internal and often victimise the employing organisation or its members. Examples of such misbehaviour is the distortion data, the stealing and selling manufacturing secrets, the harassment of others, misleading customers and sabotaging processes. Misbehaviours that intend to benefit the members employing organisation as a whole are for the most part external in nature, usually directed toward outside victims such as public agencies, customers, social institutions, or other organisations. This sort of misconduct is self-serving and organisations members will take benefit of this cheating. Falsifying records, cheating governments and the misleading of customers belong to this category of misbehaviour. Misbehaviour that intends to inflict damage and be destructive can be both internal and external with the main goal being to hurt others or the organisation, to cause minor or considerable damage, both visible and invisible such as mistreatment, sabotage and theft. 4) Why can we accept misbehaviours in well-run organisations? Organisational misbehaviour can be as minor as being late for work, or as serious as theft, such as the stealing company resources. One research done in 2003 in the United States for example, claimed that over 95% of all businesses experience employee theft, with an estimated loss of $25 billion every year. Before we discuss whether or not misbehaviour is acceptable within an organisation, we should first know the source or reason of such behaviour. Peter Michael Blau, an Austrian sociologist and theorist, produced many theories about social phenomena and population structures. One of them, namely the Social Exchange theory, explains organisational misbehaviour. The Social Exchange theory is a combination of theory of economics, psychology and sociology, used to explain social behaviour of humans, based on exchanging benefits between two parties. When putting this theory in a workplace, it explains that the relationship between employees and employers are built based on the exchanging of benefits. Employees devoted their effort and time to work in exchange of their salary paid by their employers. When one party gives more to another, it is expected to receive more in return. There are both material and non-material benefits. Financial rewards or salaries for employees are both material benefits. Whereas, non-material benefits can be appreciation from managers and supervisors, or merely a certain level of support. Employees might receive their salary each month but they might not receive non-material benefits as frequently, such as job satisfaction. Employees have the potential to feel mistreated, causing the relationship between employees and employers to be ruined. When employees feel that they are unfairly treated in the workplace, while there is little chance that they can come forward or take a stand against their employer, the only way employees can repay such mistreatment is to engage in organisational misbehaviour. Understanding the reason of organisational misbehaviour, we then know why we should accept such behaviour other than taking eliminations and punishments. As an unkind action will repaid by an unkind response, making misbehaviour counter-productive. 5) Advantages of misbehaviour: Despite the fact that misbehaviour can be destructive, misbehaviour can also be seen a useful tool for well-run organisation. The hierarchy can see the dysfunction in the organisation: In the organisation, an employee will not always obey their superior; they will argue their point if there is something wrong or if they simply have a different opinion. It is preferable if the management can clearly see the dysfunction in the organisation. Therefore, the management is forced find the best way of preventing mistakes in advance of any challenges to their decisions. Increasing the rules, procedures, and bureaucratic control: Misbehaviour in an organisation also can be explained there are some leaks in the regulation of the organisation. For instance, in some organisations, discrimination is a normal situation. Regardless of race discrimination or the discrimination between the upper class and the lower class, there must be set rules to control them, in order to treat everyone equally. The management need to be in control of the organisation because misbehaviour will arise if ignored. As a result, the potential for misbehaviour encourages improved control by the management. Hierarchy need more concern to their employees: In certain situations, there will be a conflict when employers feel that they are unimportant, or indeed they feel that they are not totally involved in the organisational culture and feel uncomfortable in their position. Therefore, the organisation could understand they need to pay more attention to their employees and ask their opinion. When these employees feel that they are important to the organisation and they can contribute to the organisation, they will be more obedient and productive. Stimulate innovation and adaptation: Innovation is a very important part in an organisation. Misbehaviour means people challenge the status-quo, the result being that they misbehave. To stimulate innovation and adaptation not only benefit the organisation but also its employees who are stimulated by new challenges. Increasing the quality of decision making: Should one person make a decision independently of others, this course of action will ultimately cause others to challenge it. Many people will have differing opinions which they will want to put forward. To gather and coordinate the employees differing opinions on finding the best way to deal with a given issue will increase the quality of the decision making process and will remove the chances of disobedience, as the employees can voice their opinions. 6) Conclusion: Based on the information we have gathered, including the text book and internet sources, we have come to the decision that misbehaviour should be accepted in a well-run organisation. Organisations should emphasise misbehaviour as well good behaviour. Employees work for organisations, the aim employee working is variety, but in common the aim is to earn money to support themselves and their families. On the other hand, the employer has the employee, that is an equivalence exchange. Bosses should not be angry if an employee misbehaves with economic efficiency. An organisation is consisted by group, and a group consists of employees. Due to different backgrounds and different learning capacities, these people will definitely conflict when their opinions differ. The upper management power need rules and regulations to stop the dysfunction in a well-run organisation. Overall, satisfaction for employees is very important in well-run organisation, because employees may misbehave if they feel dissatisfied with the working conditions and management decisions. Companies are willing balance the benefits between the employer and employee. At last, employees can make a valid contribution to the organisation and enhance the companys productivity and competitiveness in the markets in which it competes.

An International Writing Perspective :: Essays Papers

An International Writing Perspective Introduction: â€Å"Writing has become one of the most neglected skills in the business world, yet one of the most important to productivity,† states Lin Grensing of the Associated Press; Mrs. Gensing based these findings on surveys with US executives (Hansen). If this conclusion is valid, then a key question follows -- Why are so many universities producing mediocre writers, considering that an individual who writes effectively will stand out in the work force? This question has been the subject of a long debate focusing not only on the importance of writing but the method needed to implement a solution. There are numerous concerns about student writing, and therefore many people have turned to different areas of education for the answer to improving students’ writing. One question, which deals with this subject is, â€Å"How do American students compare with international students, and are there any differences in the educational systems with respect to writing emphasis?† Th is â€Å"International Perspective,† the topic of this paper, is a comparison among cultures, students, schools, and their writing. There are hundreds of countries in the world, each with their own educational system in place. Although most countries view writing as a necessity for students, only a handful have begun the initiative of requiring writing in a university setting. Therefore, this paper will compare writing characteristics of countries with similar economic and cultural positions as the United States, including Canada, Britain, and Australia. Furthermore, this paper will identify the degree to which writing plays a role in each countries educational system and will develop an understanding of how countries view writing as a method to adequately prepare graduates for the business world. Summary: There are many studies around the world, comparing the writing abilities of high school students among countries. In many cases, the United States continuously ranks far below its competitors, including the most recent rankings presented in 2002 by the U.N. Children’s Fund (UNICEF), who has ranked the United States 18th out of 24 countries when comparing the percent of 15 year-olds falling below key educational benchmarks; Canada, Australia, and Britain all ranked in the top 7 (CNN.com). During the 1999-2000 school year, American students tested in grades 4, 8, and 12 scored below minimum criteria set by the National Assessment and Governing Board. This board outlines the essential basic skills deemed minimal to meet academic standards, including writing proficiency. It was found that students who learned certain forms of writing, such as â€Å"process writing,† performed better on the exam, since they were taught how to analyze their ideas (Nations Report).

Franzosenbusch Heritage Project Essay

Literature plays an important role in enlightening individuals regarding the situation of their society. These written works substantially help an individual to know more about his or her history. This function of literary works is very essential because knowing an individual’s history will serve as a basis for him or her to understand the present and plans things for the future. In relation to this, literary works is also a form of expression. This is an outlet or a channel for authors to voice out their opinion about things and even reveals their own personal feelings. In doing so, these authors are given the opportunity to make a commentary about the society during the particular time that they lived and even analyzed past events and make their predictions about the future. Nevertheless, the most vital contribution that these literary works has is the way which they could inform the readers of different things and events that happened, are happening, and will likely to happen. In relation to these, there are indeed notable authors that have tremendously contributed in enlightening the general public about important subjects and pressing issues that are taking place in the society. More so, it is indeed very admirable especially for some authors who were able to capture the concerns during their time but was able to write it in a way that transcends the boundary of time. These kinds of literary pieces can be regarded as something that is still applicable during the present time because the issues that they tackled, as well as the lessons obtained from it, are still very helpful in addressing the problems of today. Being the case, it can be said that American poets and authors have played an important role in contributing to the society. It is the main objective of this paper to discuss the importance of authors and poets specifically during the mid-1800s. In doing so, the succeeding paragraphs will elaborate on the life and works of Laura Ingalls Wilder, an example of a notable author that indeed tremendously contributed to the development of literature during her time. Moreover, the paper will also analyze the way she was able to share something to her readers that they might have not known without her works. It will highlight the most dominant information or lesson that she has imparted and how these affected the lives of other people. Moreover, an analysis will also be done regarding her importance during her lifetime and the present time, as well as how her works will be perceived in the near future. The United States of America during the Mid-1800s During the mid-1800s, the United States of America experienced numerous challenges especially with the geographic expansion of the country. The United States during this time was expanding especially with the inclusion of Texas and the other territories that were obtained because of the war that they had with Mexico. Because of these, many settlers rushed through the west in order to escape the conflict that was taking place. Furthermore, slavery was still a continuing source of controversy that attributed to the domestic division of the country. The annexation of Texas and other territories because of the war with Mexico is largely attributed to a neatly expressed vision that even sounded like a religious mission. The main driving force of the Americans in expanding their territory is due to the Manifest Destiny. This is a belief of the Americans that they are destined and divinely ordained by God to expand their territories in North America. However, not all people agreed or supported this mission that the people from United States believed that they have. This disagreement had been most observable with the citizens of the territories that they annexed, as well as other people that were disadvantageously affected by the conflict in the acquisition of these territories. Nevertheless, the most controversial issue that the Americans have to deal with was slavery. African Americans experienced discrimination and inhumane treatment during this time; they were regarded as mere commodities or objects that were used for production. This was quite observable through the Fugitive Slave Act. The United States Congress passed this law in 1850 which stipulated that runaway slaves should be returned to their masters. This was regarded as the most controversial act that was implemented by the American government during that time. As such, it further heightened the division against the Northern and Southern states of the country. In connection to this, some Americans also perceived this act as a way that could further strengthen the power of the slaveholding south. It is important that the situation during the mid-1800s is given due consideration because this can serve as a guide in order to understand the frame of thinking of the people during this time. In relation to this, this will also aid in determining whether the American authors were able to give due attention to the pressing issues at that specific period. Moreover, this will be used as a basis on how they were able to help address the situation through the written works that they have done. Contribution of American Authors in the Mid-1800s The American authors have played an important part in emphasizing the problems of the American society during the mid-1800s. It is because of their written works that they were able to open the eyes of most of the American citizens, as well as other people in the world. This could be exemplified by the famous work of Harriet Beecher Stowe entitled â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin. † This novel was able to give due emphasis to the situation of the African American slaves especially in the southern part of the United States. Stowe was able to provide vivid images of the inequality and inhumane treatments that the African American slaves experienced through the way that she narrated the events and of her story and the feelings of the characters that she created. This novel was deeply affecting as it moves its readers to realize the ill-fated lives of these slaves. It is through Stowe’s novel that she paved the way for other people to feel a sense of empathy by putting themselves in the place of these slaves. In connection to these, Laura Ingalls Wilder is also among the most notable writers that contributed to the awareness of the public regarding the male unrest and female patience of pioneers in the mid-1800s. She also focused on the peculiar American spirit and sense of independence that Americans have during that time. One of the unique characteristics of this author is the fact that she was able to make her stories known to young people because she specializes in making children books. She also used her childhood experiences in order to make her stories mirror the real situation of the society during her younger days. By doing so, she was able to influence and touch the lives of other people especially in fostering good values to children. The Life of Laura Ingalls Wilder To be able to clearly understand the motivation of Laura Ingalls Wilder that aided her in making remarkable literary pieces, it is essential that the story of her life is given due consideration. Laura Ingalls Wilder was born on February 7, 1867 in Wisconsin. She was the second of the five children of Charles Philip Ingalls and Caroline Lake. During her growing years, she and her family constantly moved throughout the mid-west. Wilder was a bright child but she was not given the chance to receive quality education because of the isolated places that their family usually went to. She also had to deal with their financial problems wherein sometimes she had to stop school in order to earn money. Nevertheless, they eventually stayed in De Smet, Dakota Territory. This is where she attended school on a regular basis and she even worked as a seamstress and teacher. Afterwards, she married a homesteader by the name of Almanzo James Wilder. She had two children with him, the popular novelist, journalist and political theorist Rose Wilder Lane and a son who died immediately after birth. Laura Ingalls Wilder was able to live the real life of American pioneers because they had to survive by using only the small amount of resources that they earned together with their knowledge and experience. Because of this, they learned how to grow and hunt for foods, as well as build their house and other tools that they need. Laura Ingalls Wilder experienced how it is to grow up in the frontier during the late 1800s. This life experience that she had motivated her to write a historical fiction series for children called the â€Å"Little House. † The series of books that she created were published during the 1930’s. Her written works were able to boost her popularity as she was regarded as a renowned writer during her time; and even up to the present time, her books are still popular and never got out of print. Wilder has an exceptional writing skills that captures the interests of both children and adults. Throughout the years, this author has been able to narrate important and interesting subjects that dealt with her experiences as a frontier girl. Some of the situations that she described involve â€Å"wonderful and heartbreaking times, the poverty and the plenty, the western trails and homesteading issues, and the simple ways of life of an ordinary family who showed great love and tenacity during their years together in the American prairie. † Even though the books that Wilder wrote are considered as fictional, she was able to give true accounts of what it was like to live and survive on the frontier during that period in America. The stories that she created were also characterized by its appeal to all ages, as her books are applicable to all people who want a simple story about a loving family as well as those that are interested by the pioneer times. Written Works of Laura Ingalls Wilder Knowing the basic and important information about the life of Laura Ingalls Wilder is not enough. It is also necessary that the some of the books that she wrote are analyzed in order to clearly see how she depicted her experiences as a frontier girl and the pioneer life that she lived. In doing so, a book that she wrote entitled â€Å"Little House on the Prairie† will be analyzed. The story unfolded with the decision of Pa Ingalls to sell their house in the Big Woods of Wisconsin and move to the Indian Territory that is near Independence, Kansas. Pa Ingalls decision was influenced by the stories that he heard about the land there, which would be opened to settlement by homesteaders. Wilder narrated the way they adopted to their new environment. Pa Ingalls was responsible in building their house wherein he made the roof and floor, as well as dig the well with his own bare hands. The other members of the family also learned to grow and hunt for their own food. On the latter part of the book, the family acquired a terrible disease, which were referred to as â€Å"Fever ‘n’ Ague† that is commonly known today as malaria. The family was able to recover through the help of their neighbor who took care of them. During the spring, the family started planting, which marked the beginnings of their small farm. However, at the last part of the book, the family was informed that they have to leave the land because settling there is illegal. Pa Ingalls decided to leave the land before the Army forces them to do so. The story that Laura Ingalls Wilder narrated in this children book is actually a reflection of the real life experiences that she had during her younger years. In this story, it is seen how the family risked their usual life in the Big Woods of Wisconsin in order to look for better opportunities in the Indian Territory. The process of establishing a new life in this new land aided the family to use their resourcefulness by building their own house. In relation to this, they also learned how to sustain their everyday needs through their own efforts. However, like in most situations when the family was already gaining grounds with their new environment, things started to go against them especially when the family got sick because of malaria. In connection to this, when they are already beginning to build their small farm another unfortunate event happened. They found out that they were illegal settlers in that land and they have to vacate the area or be forced to do so. The fate of the characters in this children book is not fictitious because it reflects the real situation of the American people during the mid-1800s, the same time as Wilder’s childhood days. The unfortunate situation that has befallen the family at the end of the story highlights the fate of people who are living in the frontiers especially during the time when territorial conflict and border disputes are very observable. The territorial expansion of the United States brought about this conflict in some areas of the country that adversely affected the people. Their situation is similar to that of the Ingalls family whose dream of starting their own farm was shattered. The discussions above clearly show that the American authors of the mid-1800s are important and Laura Ingalls Wilder is an evident proof of it. Wilder’s children books paved the way for the general public, especially the young ones, to be enlightened with the pioneer life of an American family as well as the hardships that is involved in being a frontier girl. Being the case, American authors like Laura Ingalls Wilder indeed, played an important role in informing the people about the status of the society. It is through her literary pieces like these that paved the way for people to realize and become aware of the social issues and concerns that plagued the society during that particular period. BIBLIOGRAPHY Miller, John E. Becoming Laura Ingalls Wilder. Missouri: University of Missouri, 1998. â€Å"What was America Like in the Mid-1880s? † Franzosenbusch Heritage Project, (2003). Database on-line. Available from, http://www. franzosenbuschheritageproject. org /Histories/US_Background /America%20in%20the%20mid-1800%27s. htm. Wilder, Laura Ingalls. Little House on the Prairie New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. , 1963.

Market Orientation for Marketing for Managers

Market Orientation for Marketing for Managers Introduction Background Information The field of business has seen various companies experience productive competition for the past few decades. The success of a business enterprise depends on its market orientation among other aspects. The more oriented a company is, the more likely it is to take over the market in a particular industry.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Market Orientation for Marketing for Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A good market orientation can assist a company to predict, react and capitalise on the changes that occur in the business environment. A good market orientation enables a firm to improve its performance in the market by managing the competition it faces (Previous Assignment, 2012). This paper uses Nestle to demonstrate how market orientation works and how it determines the performance of a business. Objectives The first objective of this paper is to define the concept of m arketing management and show its relevance in the overall management of a business. Secondly, the paper defines the concept of market orientation and its benefits tin business. Ultimately, the paper uses Nestle to outline how the concept of market orientation affects operations of a company. Lastly, the paper gives a number of recommendations to Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s management concerning the company’s market orientation. These recommendations are intended to help the management improve the company’s performance. Research Strategy The research strategy used to gather information in this report includes both qualitative and quantitative data. The main methods of data collection for the report include a survey and a literature review. The survey was done by administering face-to-face questionnaires to a total of 6 employees of Nestle. The information obtained from the survey was used to determine how market oriented Nestle is. On the other hand, the literature review was us ed to obtain general information regarding marketing management and market orientation.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing Management Marketing Management Definition Marketing management is a business strategy that involves tracking and application of a company’s resources to ensure that its marketing activities give a high return on investment. Consequently, the scope and design of a business organisation’s marketing management are determined by its size. A properly designed marketing strategy should apply a firm’s resources to improve the base of its customers. This is the most effective way through which a company’s marketing manager can enhance the customers’ opinions regarding the company’s image, products and services (Mullins, 2005). Components of Marketing Management A good marketing management strategy shou ld enable a business firm to achieve its goals and improve its perceived value. For a firm to rise above the current stiff competition in the business field, marketing managers have to develop a marketing strategy that outlines the available opportunities, changes in the industry, and competition. The marketing strategy should also identify the target market to enable the marketing managers to develop a marketing plan that can improve the company’s market share. The main components of a comprehensive marketing management include: market penetration, communication, distribution, and growth strategies (Lancaster Massingham, 2010). The market penetration strategy refers to the process through which marketing managers create new customers for their companies. It involves a thorough evaluation of the available business opportunities, which assists in aggressively selling the company’s products. A good market penetration strategy should be able to sustain a business for a l ong time. This strategy directly determines how the business soldiers on in the industry in which it operates (Lancaster Massingham, 2010). The communication strategy forms an important component of a marketing plan as it assists marketing managers to develop a comprehensive list of potential customers to whom they intend to sell the company’s products.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Market Orientation for Marketing for Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This strategy involves the modes of passing information regarding the company and its products to the target market. Most companies prefer to use catalogs, brochures, email campaign, and posters. Some of the factors that influence the choice of a particular mode are its cost and effectiveness, and the size of the company as well as the nature of the industry in which it operates (Lancaster Massingham, 2010). The distribution strategy works together with the communication approach; the two strategies assist marketing managers to develop effective channels that can be used to ensure that the company’s products reach the consumers at the right time. The most common participants in the distribution plan are the company’s internal sales workers, distributors, who are directly linked to the company and retailers, and the staff, who work for the distributors (Lancaster Massingham, 2010). The last component, the growth strategy, includes long-term tactics that managers use to build their businesses. The growth strategy, depending on the type and size of a business, may involve injecting more resources into the business or amalgamating it with other companies to enjoy the benefits of large-scale. It easier for large-scale businesses to acquire new markets, suppliers and distributors than it is for small-scale ones. A company can also meet the needs of its customers by setting different price levels for its products. For that reason, the growth strategy requires companies to identify and solve their customer problems to ensure that they remain loyal to them for a long time (Lancaster Massingham, 2010).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Market Orientation Market orientation refers to a culture that is set by a particular business; however, it is more than just an individual process. A properly designed market orientation comprises aspects such as systems, processes and controls that affect marketing operations in a business organisation. Consequently, a market oriented business ensures that it designs its products and services in such a way that they satisfy the customers. That main factor that influences market orientation of a particular company is the needs of its customers (Shoham Rose, 2001). Market orientation is exclusively determined by what the customers want and not what the management thinks is right for them. This implies that before a company becomes market oriented, its management should carry out a market research to determine what the target market expects of its products. Most of the companies that succeed in their respective industries are those that take a market-orientated approach and give the ir customers first priority (Deshpandà © John, 1998). Several business organisations have realised the importance of market orientation and most of them are now adopting a market oriented approach. The motive is to produce what the markets are waiting for and what suits the needs of the customers. Before, most companies, such as car manufacturers, created products and sold their features to markets that eagerly waited for them because the customers were less knowledgeable. However, with the growing opportunity costs and the need to make choices, consumers have become more knowledgeable. For companies to stay competitive, they must develop their operations and products to reflect the market orientation in their respective industries (Kirca, Satish, William, 2005). Market orientation is intended to help a business accomplish a number of aspects, with the first one being the expectations of its consumers regarding its products. Secondly, the concept assists marketing managers to con nect and balance the needs of the customers with the capabilities of the companies they buy from. Thirdly, the marketing strategy assists companies to create visions and build relationships with other firms. Lastly, marketing orientation assists marketing managers to develop comprehensive internal marketing plans and communication strategies (Deshpandà © John, 1998). Benefits of Market Orientation A market oriented approach implies that a company is more closely aligned with its customers in terms of its operations. The concept means that a business transforms from a transactional approach, where it does not pay attention to market aspects, to a customer oriented one, where everything it does is controlled by the needs of its clients. There are four main ways through which a business can benefit from a market orientation. The four ways include constant improvement, responsiveness, external influences and cost benefits (Kyriakopoulos, 2000). A market oriented approach helps busines ses to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage; since this approach encourages a culture of experimentation within a business organisation, it assists marketing managers to improve the company’s processes and systems on a regular basis. The market orientation process involves studying the market and exploring opportunities to enable firms to develop and improve their products to suit the needs of their customers (Atuahene-Gima, 1995). Responsiveness is the second benefit that a company can get from the culture of market orientation. One of the main pillars of market orientation is customer focus; organisations that are market oriented are better placed in terms of market responsiveness. As a result, such companies can promptly produce products that cater for the needs of their customers. Market orientation encourages companies to rely on data-driven analysis, which assists them to improve their understanding of the market (Atuahene-Gima, 1995). Thirdly, market orientation assists companies to have greater influence over other firms through a proper understanding of the market. It is evident that most companies that experience a high growth rate and rise above high competition are those that are market oriented. If a company is market oriented, its managers are in a better position to gather comprehensive marketing intelligence and other information that can influence the most important decisions concerning its line of business (Masterson, Pickton, 2010). Lastly, a properly designed market orientation has significant cost benefits to a company. A market oriented approach brings about improved performance in a company. Improved performances, in turn bring about efficiency, where operations are executed at minimum costs. The concept of market orientation helps to minimise a company’s costs, while maximising its efficiency (Kyriakopoulos, 2000). Level of Market Orientation at Nestle Nestle is one of the leading companies in the world that provid e products and services that relate to health and nutrition. The company and its team of marketing personnel are committed to seeing that the local communities improve their lives by assisting them to meet their basic needs. Through market research, Nestle uses its skills, technology and resources to help its customers get the best of its products (Bauer, 2011). To determine how market oriented Nestle is, a survey was conducted in the company. Slater and Narver’s (1990) 14-items tool was used to design the questions in the questionnaires that were administered to the company’s employees on a face-to-face basis. Six of the employees in the top management were chosen as the participants of the study. The main aspects of market orientation that were addressed in the survey included customer orientation, long-term profit focus, competitor orientation and inter-functional coordination. From the survey, it was discovered that Nestle is more than 50% market oriented. Firstly, the company sets all its business objectives in such a way that they consider customer satisfaction. For instance, all Nestle’s brands, including coffee and other drinks, are designed to ensure that all its customer categories are catered for. To ensure that this task is fully accomplished, the marketing managers of the company have set up a team that ensures that its level of commitment and orientation in meeting the customers’ needs are monitored on a regular basis (Nestle, 2011). The company does fairly well in terms of its market orientation; the marketing managers of the company design their strategies for competitive advantage using their understanding of the needs of its customers. The main influential factor behind the marketing strategies that are developed at Nestle is the need to create greater value for the customers. The managers of the company believe that they have great potential to create products of high quality, which their customers prefer most (La do Maydeo-Olivares, 2001). Thirdly, the customer satisfaction at Nestle is gauged on a systematic and frequent basis. This enables the managers to identify and seize any opportunities and remedy any shortfalls in time. The management has also implemented good after-sale services. The two strategies are known for their effectiveness in assisting companies to earn the loyalty of their customers. Loyal customers are those who continue to purchase products of a particular company for a long time. Apart from highly qualified marketing managers, Nestle has highly effective salespersons who aggressively market the company’s products. The salespersons at Nestle are tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that they obtain and share information regarding the marketing strategies of the company’s main competitors. The salespeople at Nestle consist of a group of dedicated individuals, who provide the management of the company with the relevant information regarding the strateg ies of its competitors. The information is then used by Nestle’s marketing managers to develop new strategies to help it rise above its competitors (Kirca, Satish, William, 2005). The company also establishes and maintains its market by targeting the existing customer groups and individual customers. In addition, the company establishes markets in areas where it finds easy to develop a competitive advantage. These strategies are regularly discussed by the top management of the company. It is this management team that decides on the most effective marketing strategies to launch at a particular time. However, the marketing managers make regular visits to the company’s prospective customers before any strategy is executed (Deshpandà © John, 1998). Communication is another important aspect that helps Nestle to maintain a strong marketing orientation. The salespeople are expected to communicate information regarding the successful as well as the unsuccessful experiences that they have with the company’s customers. The information is then used by the management team to install the mechanisms Nestle needs to ensure its business functions reflect the needs and expectations of its customers (Deshpandà © John, 1998). Lastly, the other business functions of Nestle work together with the marketing department to ensure that the customers are served according to their needs and expectations. The most active sections of the company, which help the marketing function, include: finance, manufacturing, personnel and transportation departments among others. These departments also work hard to ensure that the target markets are captured and retained for Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s products (Lado Maydeo-Olivares, 2001). Recommendations From the survey that was conducted to determine the level of market orientation at Nestle, it is evident that the company has a fairly strong basis of market orientation. However, there are still chances that it can improve its mar ket oriented approach to accommodate all the required aspects. The company can enhance the approach by improving its customer orientation, competitor orientation, and inter-functional coordination (Kyriakopoulos, 2000). The first step towards achieving a strong market orientation at Nestle involves having a genuine understanding of the requirements and expectations of the company’s clients. The understanding should also include the buying behaviours and characteristics of Nestle’s customers. This understanding is important in establishing the best ways to communicate with the customers. Therefore, the management of Nestle can develop a strong customer orientation by establishing effective ways of communicating with its clients, identifying their problems, and dealing with their complaints amicably (Kyriakopoulos, 2000). Secondly, the marketing managers at Nestle can make the company more market oriented by enhancing competitor orientation. Competitor orientation involv es developing systems and processes to assist in identifying and evaluating competitors in the industry in which a company operates. Consequently, the management of Nestle should establish a structure that addresses aspects such as competitors’ weaknesses and strengths, pricing mechanisms, client bases and product portfolios; it can do that to develop effective strategies that can help it stay ahead of its competitors (Masterson, Pickton, 2010). Lastly, the management of Nestle can improve its market oriented approach by improving inter-functional coordination among its departments. This strategy involves ensuring that the different departments work with one another to develop products that satisfy the needs and expectations of the customers. To achieve a strong inter-functional coordination, Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s management should develop an effective communication network to connect all the operating departments in the company (Masterson, Pickton, 2010). Conclusion The main aim of this report is to address the concept of market orientation and to establish the ways in which this concept can be used to determine how companies conduct their businesses in their respective industries. Market orientation refers to the approach in which a company uses to ascertain and incorporate the needs and expectations of its customers in designing its products. It assists companies to manufacture products that satisfy the needs and requirements of the customers. Nestle is used in this report to address the concept of market orientation. Nestle is a market oriented company that gives first priority to its customers. It can improve its market oriented approach further by enhancing inter-functional coordination among its functional units, as well as its customer and competitor orientations. References Atuahene-Gima, K. (1995). An exploratory analysis of the impact of market orientation on new product performance: A contingency approach, Journal of Product Innovation Manage ment, 12(4), 275-93. Bauer, W. (2011). Our vision: Innovation, technology and research development. Retrieved from https://www.nestle.com/RandD/OurVision/OurVision Deshpandà ©, R., John, U. F. (1998). Measuring Market Orientation: Generalization and Synthesis. Journal of Market- Focused Management, 2(1), 213–32. Kirca, A. H., Satish, J, William, O. B. (2005). Market Orientation: A Meta-analytic review and assessment of its antecedents and impact on performance. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 24–41. Kyriakopoulos, K. (2000). The market orientation of cooperative organizations: Learning strategies and structures for integrating cooperative firm and members. Assen: Van Gorcum. Lado, N., Maydeo-Olivares, A. (2001). Exploring the link between market orientation and innovation in the European and US insurance markets. International Marketing Review, 18(2), 130-45. Lancaster, G., Massingham, L. (2010). Essentials of marketing management. New York, NY: Taylor Francis. Mas terson, R., Pickton, D. (2010). Marketing: An introduction. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Mullins, J. W. (2005). Marketing management: A strategic, decision-making approach. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. Nestle. (2011). Product development. Retrieved from https://www.nestle.com/ Previous Assignment. (2012). Marketing Orientation. Shoham, A., Rose, G. M. (2001). Marketing orientation: A replication and extension. Journal of Global Marketing, 14(4), 2-25.